Hatra Complete

Description

Systematic archaeological work has been carried out at Hatra since 1951. In 1990, a Polish mission led by Michał Gawlikowski examined and documented the city’s fortifications. The site lies in the desert steppe, about 80 km southwest of Mosul. The earliest occupation dates to the 2nd century BC, with the city flourishing in the 2nd century AD as an important Parthian centre of religion and trade. Situated on the frontier of the Parthian–Roman conflict, Hatra resisted sieges under Trajan and Septimius Severus, but in 241 it capitulated to the Sassanians and was later abandoned. Further reading: Al-Aswad, H., 2014. Evidence of Christianity at Hatra, 'Journal of Canadian Society for Syriac Studies' 6, 79 - 89. Moriggi, M., “A Syriac Cross from Hatra,” in: G.J. Brooke, A.H.W. Curtis, M. al-Hamad and G.R. Smith (eds.), Near Eastern and Arabian Essays: Studies in Honour of John F. Healey (Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement 41; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 241-247 https://pcma.uw.edu.pl/2017/12/10/hatra/ On graffiti and Hatran Aramaic inscriptions (mostly earlier than the third century CE), see also: Moriggi, M., Bucci, I., 2019, Aramaic Graffiti from Hatra. A Study Based on the Archive of the Missione Archeologica Italiana, CHAN 99, Leiden – Boston. Moriggi, M., Aramaic grafti in the houses of Hatra: The epigraphic point of view, Parthica. Incontri di Culture nel Mondo Antico 26 (2024), 41-46. Moriggi, Encore sur le petit chien d’albâtre de Hatra (Inscription no. H 72), in: N.A.B.U. 2024 n° 2 (juin), pp. 78-79. Beyer, K., 1998, Die aramäischen Inschriften aus Assur, Hatra und dem übrigen Ostmesopotamien (datiert 44v.Chr. bis 238 n.Chr.), Göttingen. Aggoula, B., 1991, Inventaire des inscriptions hatréennes, BAH 139, Paris. Marcato, E., 2018, Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra, Antichistica 17 – StOr 7, Venezia. Vattioni, F., 1981, Le iscrizioni di Ḥatra, AION 41.3, Suppl. 28, Napoli.